ʻO ka Benedictine Abbey o Melk, ʻike ʻia mai kahi lōʻihi aku, e ʻālohilohi ana i ka melemele ma kahi pali pali e piʻi ana i ka ʻākau i ka muliwai Melk a me ka Danube. ʻOiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā hui baroque i hui pū ʻia ma ʻEulopa, he UNESCO World Heritage Site.
831 Ua kapa ʻia kēia wahi ʻo Medilica (= ka muliwai palena) a he mea koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he kuʻuna aliʻi a me ka ʻāpana hale kākela. I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kenekulia 10, ua hoʻopiʻi ka Emepera iā Leopold I o Babenberg me kahi ʻāpana haiki ma ka Danube, me ka hale kākela, kahi paʻa paʻa i waena. ʻO nā manuscripts ma ka Abbey Library of Melk e pili ana i kahi kaiāulu o nā kāhuna ma lalo o Margrave Leopold I. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke aupuni ma ka hikina a hiki i Tulln, Klosterneuburg a me Vienna, ua nalowale ka Melker Burg i kona koʻikoʻi. Akā, ua lilo ʻo Melk i hale kupapaʻu no ka poʻe Babenberg a i hale kanu no St. ʻO Koloman, ka haipule kahu mua o ka ʻāina. Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Margrave Leopold II ma luna o ka pōhaku ma luna o ke kaona, kahi i neʻe ai nā mōneka Benedictine mai Lambach Abbey i ka makahiki 1089. Leopold III ua hoʻoili ʻia i ka Benedictines ka pā hale kākela ʻo Babenberg, a me nā ʻāina a me nā hale pule a me ke kauhale o Melk.
No ka mea ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka monastery e kahi margrave, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ia mai ka mana o ka diocese o Passau i ka makahiki 1122 a waiho pololei ʻia ma lalo o ka Pope. A hiki i ke kenekulia 13 Ua ʻike ʻo Melker Stift i kahi moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻokele waiwai a ua kākau ʻia kahi kula monastery i nā manuscript ma mua o 1160. Ua pau ke ahi nui i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 13. Monastery, hale pule a me nā hale waho a pau. Ua hoʻoluliluli ʻia ke aʻo monastic a me nā kumu waiwai e ke ahulau a me nā hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka secularization o nā mōneka a me nā hana hoʻomāinoino e pili ana i nā monasteries ua hopena i kahi hoʻoponopono i hoʻoholo ʻia ma 1414 ma ka ʻaha kūkā o Constance. Ma muli o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka monastery Italia Subiaco, pono e hoʻokumu ʻia nā monasteries Benedictine a pau i nā manaʻo o ka Rule of Benedict. ʻO ke kikowaena o kēia mau hana hou ʻo Melk. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo Nikolaus Seyringer, ka mōneka o ka monastery Benedictine Italia ma Subiaco a me ka rector mua o ke Kulanui o Vienna, ma ke ʻano he abbot ma ka hale mōneka Melk e hoʻokō i ka "Melk reform". Ma lalo ona, ua lilo ʻo Melk i kumu hoʻohālike o ka hoʻopaʻi monastic koʻikoʻi a, e pili ana me ke Kulanui o Vienna, kahi kikowaena moʻomeheu i ka kenekulia 15. ʻElua hapakolu o nā manuscript Melk i ola a hiki i kēia lā mai kēia wā.
Ka wā hoʻoponopono
Ua hui nā aliʻi me ka Lutheranism ma nā ʻAiʻai. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ko lākou kūʻē politika i ko lākou mau mōʻī, ua huli ka hapa nui o nā aliʻi i ka Protestantism. Ua huli ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā kamaʻāina o ka mākeke i nā manaʻo o ka neʻe Anabaptist. Ua hāʻule nui ka nui o ka poʻe e komo ana i loko o ka hale mōneka. Aia ka mōneka ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hemo ʻana. I ka makahiki 1566, ʻekolu wale nō kāhuna, ʻekolu kahuna pule a me ʻelua mau kaikunāne i waiho ʻia ma ka hale mōneka.
I mea e pale aku ai i ka mana o Lutheran, ua noho ka hale pule ma ia wahi. ʻO Melk ke kikowaena kūloko o ka Counter-Reformation. Ma muli o ke kumu hoʻohālike o nā kula Jesuit papa ʻeono, i ke kenekulia 12. hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻO ke kula kahiko loa ma Austria, ʻo ka Melker Klosterschule, i hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia. Ma hope o ʻehā mau makahiki ma ke kula Melk, hele nā haumāna i ke Koleke Jesuit ma Vienna no ʻelua makahiki. I ka makahiki 1700 ua koho ʻia ʻo Berthold Dietmayr i ʻAbbot. ʻO ka pahuhopu o Dietmayr ʻo ia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomana, ka politika a me ka ʻuhane o ka monastery me kahi hale hou. I ka makahiki 1702, ma mua koke o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o Jakob Prandtauer e kūkulu i hale mōneka hou, ua hoʻomoe ʻia ka pōhaku kumu no ka hale pule hou. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka loko e Antonio Peduzzi, ka hana stucco e Johan Pöckh a me ka mea pena ʻo Johann Michael Rottmayr i nā frescos ceiling. Ua pena ʻo Paul Troger i nā frescoes ma ka hale waihona puke a ma ka Hale Marble. ʻO Christian David mai Viena ke kuleana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Joseph Munggenast, ke kaikunāne o Prandtauer, i ka hoʻokele kūkulu hale ma hope o ka make ʻana o Prandtauer.
I ka makahiki 1738, ua hoopau ke ahi i ka hale monastery i ka hale kokoke pau. ʻO ka hope, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hale pule monastery hou i 8 mau makahiki ma hope. ʻO Kapellmeister Johann Georg Albrechtsberger ma hope o ka hale pule ʻo Viennese Cathedral ma Melk. He makahiki gula ke kenekulia 18 ma ke ʻano o ka ʻepekema a me ke mele. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kona koʻikoʻi no ka mokuʻāina, ka ʻōnaehana kula a me ka mālama kahu hānai, ʻaʻole i pani ʻia ka monastery ma lalo o Joseph II e like me nā hale mōneka ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1785, ua hoʻonoho ʻo Emperor Joseph II i ka monastery ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kahi mokuʻāina ʻo Abbot. Ua kāpae ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo ma hope o ka make ʻana o Joseph II. I ka makahiki 1848, ua lilo ka mōneka i kona haku ʻāina, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā uku kālā i loaʻa mai kēia no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka hale mōneka. He mana nui ko Abbot Karl 1875-1909 i ke ola ma ia wahi. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kindergarten a hāʻawi ka monastery i ka ʻāina i ke kūlanakauhale. Eia kekahi, ma ka hana a Abbot Karl, ua kanu ʻia nā kumulāʻau cider ma nā alanui o ka ʻāina, e ʻike mau ana i ka ʻāina i kēia lā. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpala, nā paipu wai hou a me nā kukui uila. No ke kālā ʻana i ka monastery i kūʻai ʻia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he Baibala Gutenberg i ke Kulanui ʻo Yale ma 1926. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o Austria i ka makahiki 1938, ua pani ʻia ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ka monastery e ka National Socialists a ua kāʻili ʻia ka hapa nui o ka hale monastery no ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ka mokuʻāina. Ua ola ka monastery i ke kaua a me ka manawa ma hope o ka noho ʻana me ka aneane ʻaʻohe pōʻino. ʻO ka hana hoʻihoʻi ma ka hale komo a me ka pā hale o ka prelate, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hale waihona puke a me ka Hale Kolomani, pono e hoʻolauleʻa i ka makahiki 900 o ka monastery ma 1989 me kahi hōʻike.
ka peni
ʻO ka paʻakikī, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke ʻano Baroque e Jakob Prandtauer, he 2 mau ʻaoʻao ʻike ʻia. Ma ka hikina, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻaoʻao palatial i ka makahiki 1718, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā bastion ʻelua. ʻO ka bastion hema kahi pā kaua mai 1650, kahi lua bastion ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka puka i kūkulu ʻia no ka symmetry.
Ma ke komohana, ʻike mākou i kahi hana keaka mai ka hale pule a hiki i ka balkona me kahi ʻike mamao ma ke awāwa ʻo Danube a me nā hale o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Melk ma lalo o ka hale mōneka. Ma waena, nā pā o nā ʻano like ʻole e hahai ana kekahi i kekahi, kahi e pili ana i ka hale pule. Ma ka hele ʻana i ka hale kiaʻi puka, komo ʻoe i ka pā o ke kiaʻi puka, kahi o nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua ʻo Babenberg ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. He ʻāpana ia o ka pā kahiko.
Ke hoʻomau nei mākou ma ke ala ākea a aia i kēia manawa i loko o kahi hale ʻoluʻolu ʻelua, ʻo Benediktihalle, me kahi fresco o St. Benedict ma ke kaupaku.
Mai kēia wahi mākou e nānā ai i ka pā hale o ka prelate trapezoidal. Aia ma waenakonu o ka pā hale ka punawai Kolomani a hiki i ka makahiki 1722, ka Abbot Berthold Dietmayr i hāʻawi aku i ke kūlanakauhale mākeke o Melk. Ke kū nei kahi pūnāwai mai ka Waldhausen Abbey i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi o ka pūnāwai Kolomani i waenakonu o ka pā hale pule. ʻO ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoluʻolu mālie ke ʻano o ke ʻano facade o nā hale a puni. ʻO nā kiʻi pena Baroque ma nā gables waena e Franz Rosenstingl, e hōʻike ana i nā pono koʻikoʻi ʻehā (ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ke akamai, ke koa, ka hoʻopono), ua pani ʻia i ka makahiki 1988 e nā kiʻi kiʻi hou e nā mea pena kiʻi o kēia wā.
Kaiserstiege, Kaisertrakt a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike
Mai ka Prälatenhof hele mākou ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻīpuka ma luna o kahi colonnade a hiki i Kaiserstiege, ke alapiʻi hanohano. Paʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, wehe ʻia i luna me ka stucco a me nā kiʻi kiʻi.
Ma ka papahele mua, holo ka 196 m ka lōʻihi o Kaisergang ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao hema holoʻokoʻa o ka hale.
Ua kau ʻia nā kiʻi pena kiʻi o nā aliʻi Austrian a pau, ʻo Babenberger a me Habsburg, ma nā paia o ka Kaisergang ma Melk Abbey. Mai kēia wahi mākou e komo ai i nā lumi o ka ʻohana imperial, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hale moʻomeheu monastery. ʻO ka "Melker Kreuz", i hāʻawi ʻia e Duke Rudolf IV, kahi hoʻonohonoho waiwai no kekahi o nā relics kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi ʻāpana mai ke keʻa o Kristo, e hōʻike wale ʻia i nā manawa kūikawā.
kolomani monstrance
ʻO kekahi waiwai o ka monastery ʻo ka Kolomani monstrance, me ka iwi lalo o St. Koloman, Dar. I kela makahiki i keia makahiki ma ka la ahaaina o Sana Kolomana, Okatoba 13, ua hoikeia ma kahi anaina hoomanao no ka haipule. A i ʻole, hōʻike ʻia ka monstrance Kolomani ma ka Abbey Museum o Melk Abbey, aia ma nā lumi imperial mua.
Hale Mele
ʻO ka Marble Hall, ʻelua papa ke kiʻekiʻe, pili i ka Imperial Wing ma ke ʻano he ʻahaʻaina a me ka hale ʻaina no nā malihini. Ua hoʻomehana ʻia ke keʻena me ka ea wela ma o ka pahu hao i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka papahele i waenakonu o ke keʻena.
ʻO kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi nui na Paul Troger ma ke keʻena palahalaha nui i loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Melk Abbey he mea kupanaha, a ua kaulana ʻo ia i ka lāhui. ʻO "Triumph of Pallas Athene a me ka lanakila ma luna o nā mana pōʻeleʻele" e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻi e lana ana ma kahi lani ma luna o ka pena kiʻi hoʻohenehene.
waihona
Ma hope o ka hale pule, ʻo ka hale waihona puke ka lua o ka lumi nui i loko o kahi monastery Benedictine a no laila ua ola ʻia mai ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka monastery Melk.
Ua māhele ʻia ka Hale Waihona Puke Melk i ʻelua lumi nui. Ma ke keʻena liʻiliʻi ʻelua, he alapiʻi spiral i kūkulu ʻia ma ke ʻano he komo i ka hale kiʻi a puni.
ʻO ka fresco o ke kaupaku na Paul Troger i loko o ka nui o nā lumi waihona ʻelua e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻuhane me ka fresco o ke kaupaku ma ka Hale Marble o Melk Abbey. ʻO ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele me ka hana inlay a me ke kala gula-ʻulaʻula like ʻole o nā spines puke e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka ʻoluʻolu. Aia ma ka papahele o luna he ʻelua lumi heluhelu me nā frescoes na Johann Bergl, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka lehulehu. Aia ka waihona o Melk Abbey ma kahi o 1800 mau palapala mai ka makahiki 9 a me ka huina o 100.000 mau puke.
ʻO ka hale pule Collegiate o St. Peter a me St. Paul, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1746
ʻO ka lae kiʻekiʻe o ka hale mōneka baroque o Melk Abbey ka hale pule kolepa, he hale pule kiʻekiʻe me ka hale kiaʻi pālua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ka hale pule Jesuit Roma ʻo Il Gesu.
Komo mākou i loko o kahi keʻena nui me nā hale pule ʻaoʻao a me nā oratorio a me kahi dome pahu pahu 64 mika kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hapa nui o nā hoʻolālā a me nā manaʻo no kēia hale pule i ka mea hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia ʻo Antonio Beduzzi.
I loko o ka Melk Collegiate Church, ua wehe ʻia kahi hana kiʻi nani a baroque i mua o mākou. ʻO kahi synergy o ka hoʻolālā, stucco, kālai ʻia, nā hale kuahu a me nā kiʻi kiʻi i hoʻonani ʻia me ka lau gula, stucco a me ke kinikini. ʻO nā frescoes na Johann Michael Rottmayr, nā kuahu o Paul Troger, ka pulpito a me ke kuahu kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā ʻia e Giuseppe Galli-Bibiena, nā kiʻi kiʻi i hana ʻia e Lorenzo Mattielli a me nā kiʻi kiʻi a Peter Widerin e hana i ka manaʻo nui o kēia halepule Baroque kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka ʻōkana nui i kūkulu ʻia e ka mea hoʻokena okana Viennese ʻo Gottfried Sonnholz, ʻo ke ʻano o waho wale nō o ke kino mai ka manawa i kūkulu ʻia ai i ka makahiki 1731/32 i mālama ʻia. Ua haʻalele ʻia ka hana maoli i ka makahiki 1929 i ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Ua kūkulu ʻia ke kino o kēia lā e Gregor-Hradetzky i ka makahiki 1970.
Kahi māla
ʻO ka pā hale baroque abbey me ka nānā ʻana i ka pā hale baroque ma ka papahele i hoʻolālā mua ʻia me ka pua baroque, nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea hoʻonani ʻiliʻili, mai ka manaʻo māla "paradaiso" o ka wā baroque i ka manawa i hana ʻia ai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka māla ma kahi manaʻo philosophical-theological, ka helu kapu 3. Hoʻonoho ʻia ka paka ma 3 mau ʻāina me kahi kīʻaha wai, ka wai i hōʻailona o ke ola, ma ka ʻaoʻao 3rd. ʻO ke kīʻaha punawai baroque curved ma ka papahele, ma ka waena o ka axis longitudinal o ka māla a me ka pā hale kīhāpai, e pili ana i ke kukui ma luna o ke kīʻaha hale pule, kahi o St. ʻO ka ʻuhane, ke kolu o ke kanaka akua, ua hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka manu nūnū i hōʻailona o ke ola.
Ma hope o ka makahiki 1800 ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi paka ʻāina Pelekane. Ua ulu nui ka paka a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ʻana o ka paka monastery i ka makahiki 1995. ʻO ka "Temple of Honor", he neo-baroque, ʻewalu ʻaoʻao hamama kolamu me ka mansard hood ma ka ʻaoʻao 3 o ka pā monastery, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia kahi pūnāwai, e like me ka ʻōnaehana ala kahiko. Ua kanu ʻia kahi ala o nā kumulāʻau linden, ʻo kekahi o lākou ma kahi o 250 mau makahiki, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka paka abbey. Hoʻohui ʻia ka pāka i kēia manawa nā leo o nā kiʻi o kēia wā.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka "Benedictus-Weg" ʻo ia ke kumumanaʻo "Benedictus the blessed" ma kāna ʻike. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka māla paradaiso e like me nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko mai nā māla monastery, me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea kanu kala ikaika a ʻala.
Aia ma lalo iho kahi "Jardin méditerranée" kahi māla nani o Mediterranean. Ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu Baibala e like me nā lāʻau fiku, nā kumu waina, ka lāʻau pāma a me ka ʻāpala ma ke ala.
Pavilion māla
ʻO ka pā hale baroque ma ka papahele o ka abbey park he mea nānā maka.
I ka makahiki 1747/48, ua kūkulu ʻo Franz Munggenast i ka pā hale no nā kāhuna i wahi e hoʻomaha ai ma hope o nā wā koʻikoʻi o ka Lent. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā manawa, e like me ke kahe koko a me nā lāʻau detoxification like ʻole, pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia ma hope. Ua māhele ʻia nā mōneka i ʻelua pūʻulu, hoʻomau kekahi i ke ola monastic maʻamau a ʻae ʻia kekahi e hoʻomaha.
ʻO nā kiʻi pena a Johann W. Bergl, ka haumāna a Paul Troger a me ka hoaaloha o Franz Anton Maulbertsch, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano baroque noʻonoʻo i ke ola, pena ʻia nā kūlana paradisiacal, e like me ka ʻokoʻa i ka asceticism o ke ola monastic. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o nā frescoes ma luna o nā puka makani a me nā puka i loko o ka hale nui o ka pavilion ka honua o ka naʻau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Putti i nā manaʻo ʻelima, no ka laʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻono, ka manaʻo nui loa, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻelua, e like me ka inu ʻana ma ka hema a me ka ʻai ʻana ma ka ʻākau. Hoʻomaka ka lā i waenakonu o ka fresco o ke kaupaku, ka vault o ka lani, a ma luna aʻe e ʻike mākou i kahi arc o ka zodiac me nā hōʻailona mahina o nā kau puna, ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka fresco o ke kaupaku ma ka attic i pena ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāina ʻehā i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa: ʻEulopa ma ka ʻākau, Asia ma ka hikina, ʻApelika ma ka hema a me ʻAmelika ma ke komohana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona exotic ma nā lumi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika ma ka lumi hikina. ʻO nā kiʻi o nā ʻānela e pāʻani ana i nā kāleka a i ʻole nā ʻānela me nā kiʻi biliard e hōʻike ana ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia lumi ma ke ʻano he hale piliwaiwai. I nā mahina kauwela, hoʻohana ʻia ke keʻena nui o ka pā kīhāpai ma Melk Abbey ma ke ʻano he kahua no nā ʻaha mele ma ka International Baroque Days ma Pentecost a i ʻole nā ʻaha mele kauwela ma ʻAukake.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Melk Abbey a me kāna paka i kahi hui like ʻole ma o ka launa pū ʻana o ka pae ʻuhane a me ke ʻano.