Ukonakalisa isakhiwo esingasemva
Amabhodlo enqaba yaseHinterhaus yinqaba ephezu kwenduli ephethe isiphelo esisemazantsi-ntshona sedolophu yentengiso yaseSpitz an der Donau, kwindawo enamatye athambeka emazantsi-mpuma nakumantla-ntshona ukuya eDanube, malunga nentaba eneebhakethi eziliwaka. . Amabhodlo enqaba yaseHinterhaus yindawo emide kwindawo ephakamileyo kwi-gusset phakathi kwe-Spitzer Graben kunye ne-Danube, eyenziwa yi-foothill ye-Elferkogel, ukuphakama kwe-Jauerling massif.
Isakhiwo esingasemva yayiyinqaba ephezulu yolawulo lweSpitz, eyayikwabizwa ngokuba yindlu ephezulu ukuyihlula kwinqaba esezantsi ebekwe kwilali. I-Formbacher, usapho oludala lwe-Bavarian count, kungenzeka ukuba ibe ngabakhi besakhiwo esingasemva. Ngo-1242 i-fief yagqithiselwa kwiidukes zaseBavaria yi-Niederaltaich Abbey, eyathi yanikezela kwi-Kuenringers kwithuba elifutshane emva koko njenge-sub-fief. Ezi zivumela ukuba kulawuleke umthetho wokuqhekeza. Inqaba yaseHinterhaus yayiliziko lolawulo. Indawo yeNqaba yaseHinterhaus yakhethwa ngakwesinye icala ukulawula intlambo yaseDanube kwaye kwelinye icala ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano lwamandulo lwezorhwebo lwakhokelela eDanube ngeSpitzer Graben ukuya eBohemia ngqo ngezantsi.
Ngo-1256, i-Hinterhaus yayiyinqaba ebhaliweyo ye-Kuenring feudal knight u-Arnold von Spitz. AbakwaKuenringers yayilusapho lwabalungiseleli base-Austrian, ekuqaleni bengabakhonzi abangakhululekanga bakwaBabenbergs, i-margrave yase-Austrian kunye nosapho lwesibini lwemvelaphi yase-Franconia-yaseBavaria. Unozala weKuenringer nguAzzo von Gobatsburg, indoda ezinikeleyo nesisityebi eyafika kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiLower Austria ngenkulungwane ye-11 emva konyana kaBabenberg Margrave Leopold I. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-12, amaKuenringers alawula kwiWachau, eyathi, ukongeza kwiNqaba yaseHinterhaus, ikwaquka iDürnstein kunye neAggstein Castles, kunye neNqaba yaseHinterhaus iyinqaba yokuqala ezantsi komlambo kunxweme lwasekhohlo lweDanube.
Bade bafa ngo-1355, i-Hinterhaus yayiyindawo ye-Kuenringers njengamagosa eenkosi zaseBavaria. isiOstriya isini somfundisi, isakhiwo esingasemva njengesibambiso. KumaXesha Aphakathi, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abalawuli babolekise ngeendawo okanye imihlaba iphela ukuze bafumane imali ebolekiweyo. Ebudeni bengxabano yabazalwana baseHabsburg malunga nokugadwa kwe-Albrecht V. encinci, i-Hinterhaus yathatyathwa yaza yatshatyalaliswa ngo-1409. Ngowe-1438, uDuke Ernst waseBavaria wayihlutha inqaba kwiOtto IV yaseMaisau waza waqesha abagcini. Emva koko yaphinda yakhiwa. Ngowe-1493 iNqaba yaseHinterhaus yathatyathwa yimikhosi yaseHungary.
Ngowe-1504 iHinterhaus Castle yaba nobukhosi, izinto zaseBavaria eOstriya zawela kuMlawuli uMaximilian I emva kokuphela kwengxabano yelifa laseBavaria, eyathi yaphelisa ukuvela kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla. Ekubeni isakhiwo esingasemva sasingazange sibe nabemi ukususela ngowe-1500, saqalisa ukubola. Abalawuli babekhethe eyona nqaba yaseMntla esembindini emantla-ntshona eSpitz. Ngenxa yesoyikiso esifihlakeleyo saseTurkey, iNqaba yaseHinterhaus yaphinda yomelela kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-16.
Ebudeni beMfazwe Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu, iSpitz yaphangwa yaza yatshiswa kangangeentsuku ezine ngowe-1620 ngamajoni asePoland oMlawuli ongumKatolika uFerdinand II, ephindezela isigebenga saseSpitz uHans Lorenz II von Kueffstain, umphathi wamaProtestanti. Emva koko, iNqaba yaseHinterhaus eyayitshatyalalisiwe yashiywa ukuba ibole. Xa imikhosi yamaFrentshi kaNapoleon yayihamba ngakwiDanube isingise eVienna ngo-1805 nango-1809, isakhiwo esasisele sisonakalisa saphinda sonakaliswa kakhulu.
Inxalenye yeRomanesque eyinkimbinkimbi yeNqaba yaseHinterhaus ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-12 neye-13 yandiswa ngakumbi ngenkulungwane ye-15. Kukho udonga olubiyelweyo oluluxande olude, olulungelelaniswe kumhlaba kwaye lugotywe amaxesha amaninzi, kunye ne-4 ejikelezileyo, imigangatho emi-2 yeekona ezenziwe ngelitye elirhabaxa lekwari elineenqaba ezihlaziyiweyo ezinoxande. Iinqaba ezimbini zasempuma zenzelwe ukukhusela i-crossbow, ngelixa i-bastion yasentshona yayiyilelwe ukulwa ne-arquebus, njengoko kunokubonwa kwiikroba ezahlukeneyo.
Ukufikelela kwinqaba kukwindlela engumnqantsa ukusuka emantla. Kudonga lomsesane osemantla-empuma ungafikelela kwi-bailey yangaphandle emide nge-arched portal. Enye i-arch portal ene-pecherker ikhokelela kwintendelezo yenqaba ukuya kwiPalas ephakathi kwendawo enzima.
Kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-complex, kwikona esenyakatho-ntshona yenqaba, i-square ye-square ye-20 m, ebuyela kumaxesha e-Romanesque. Ugcino olukhulu lunemigangatho emininzi kwaye lubandakanya i-ashlar masonry, iifestile ezigudileyo kunye neslits ezixande. Kumgangatho we-2 kukho i-groined vault eyenziwe ngamatye amatye e-quarry, kwinqaba yekona esenyakatho-ntshona kukho i-vault ene-domed in circular layers kwaye kwi-2nd yard kukho iqula. Umnyango ophezulu wenqaba umalunga neemitha ezintandathu ngaphezu komhlaba. Kwi-masonry yodonga olusenyakatho-mpuma, i-staircase ikhokelela ukusuka kumgangatho wokuqala ukuya kumgangatho olandelayo, apho i-staircase yensimbi ikhokelela kwiqonga lokukhusela, eliguqulelwe kwindawo yokujonga. Ngaphantsi kweenqaba ezigcinwe kakuhle kwiindonga zangaphandle, imingxuma yentsimbi yenqaba yangaphambili ingabonwa.
Emva kokugcina, udonga oluphakamileyo noluqinileyo luhlukanisa inqaba enkulu kwi-bailey esentshonalanga. Le ndawo entsonkothileyo isusela kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-16. Kwinkulungwane emva, xa ukwanda kohlaselo lwaseTurkey kwenza ukwandiswa kofakelo lomkhosi kuyacetyiswa.
Amabhodlo e-Hinterhaus ngoku ngawe- Idolophu yentengiso yaseSpitz kwiDanube. Amanyathelo okulondoloza afunekayo enziwa ngumbutho wabakhenkethi iSpitz. Amabhodlo e-Hinterhaus afikeleleka ngokukhululekileyo kwiindwendwe.
Eyona ndawo iphakamileyo minyaka le ngumbhiyozo waphakathi ehlotyeni ngoJuni, xa imiboniso yamabhodlo e-Hinterhaus iboniswa ngetyathanga lezibane ngorhatya.
Le mithombo ilandelayo, phakathi kwabanye, yayisetyenziselwa ukudala eli nqaku: Dehio Lower Austria kunye spitz-wachau.at. Iifoto zonke zivela kuMag. Brigitte Pamperl.
Ungeno olulandelayo lubonisa indlela ukuba ufuna ukwenza ujiko uye kumanxuwa e-Hinterhaus nge-e-bike ukusuka e-Donauplatz e-Oberarnsdorf. Kungcono ukujonga i-3D preview kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Cofa nje kuyo.
